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MEDIA STUDIES
CLASS WORK
TECHNICAL ELEMENTS
CAMERA
LONGSHOT
A long shot shows the
subject fully it is used to
show the character in
their environment.
EXTREME LONGSHOT
An extreme longshot
shows the subject as
small in a big
environment it is used
to create a sense of
isolation
MEDIUM SHOT
A medium shot is used
for dialogue scenes, but
also depict body
language and more of
the setting.
COWBOY SHOT
A cowboy shot shows is
a type of medium shot
that shows a character
in a powerful position.
It is used to make the
character look more
significant
CLOSE UP
A close up shot shows a
part of a subject it is
used to pull the viewers
attention towards a
particular thing usually
of importance.
EXTREME CLOSE UP
An Extreme close up
focuses the viewers
attention towards a tiny
subject used to show
important details and
micro-movements
POV
A POV shot is shot in
the perspective of a
character, it helps
immerse the audience
in the situation as they
are in the eyes of the
subject
OVER THE SHOULDER
An over-the-shoulder shot (OTS) is a shot in which the
camera is placed just behind an "off-screen" actor so
that their shoulder is in the frame while you capture
the "on-screen" actor's coverage. You can do this to
orient your viewer, but an over-the-shoulder shot will
also suggest a connection or understanding between
the characters in your scene.
HIGH ANGLE
High angles shoot the
character from top
down view, this makes
subjects look small,
weak and venerable.
LOW ANGLE
Low angles shoot the
subject from a low POV
which makes a
character look bigger
and more significant
which connotes
strength and power
DUTCH ANGLE
Dutch Angle is when the
camera is tilted on its X
axis or slanted. This
usually connotes that
something is wrong
ESTABLISHING SHOT
An establishing shot is a
shot in filmmaking or
television that sets up
the context for the
scene ahead, designed
to inform the audience
where the action will be
taking place.
MISE EN SCENE
Refers to the
arrangement and
design of visual
elements within a
frame or a scene.
SOUND
DIAGETIC
Diagetic sounds can be
heard by both the
audience and the
characters in the movie
Diagetic sounds
immerse the
audience into
the film as they
are hearing
what the
characters are
hearing thus its
realistic
Example:
Gun Shot
Explosions
Dialogue
NON-DIAGETIC
Non-Diagetic sounds
are sounds that can
only be heard by the
audience
Non-Diagetic
sounds builds
on the
atmosphere
creating
tension and
emotion
Example:
Music Score
Sound effects
Narator
DISCORDANT
Discordant music is
eerie and scary
Discordant
music makes
the audience
feel tense and
uneasy
Example:
Horror
Violin glissando
MELODIC
Melodic music is calm
and inviting
Melodic music
makes
audiences feel
hopeful and
excited
Example:
Disney Theme
CONTRAPUNTAL
Contrapuntal music is music
that dosen't match the mood
of the scene
Contrapuntal music creates
meaning through
juxtaposition, where music
and visuals present
conflicting, jarring, or ironic
information, often leading to
a deeper, more complex
narrative.
EDITTING
CONTINUITY
Continuity editing is
editing that dose not
ruin the flow of time
Cutaway
A cutaway shot
is a shot that
"cuts away"
from the main
action to any
shot that adds
visual
information,
and then
returns to the
original shot
with new
meaning.
Cut
A cut of straight
cut is the most
simple type of
editing. It
basically goes
from one scene
to another.
Eyeline Match
Eyelines are
determined by
where an actor
looks during a
scene. They can
help inform
viewers of the
scene's
geography, as
well as
conveying
actors'
relationships
and moods.
Reverse Shot
A reverse angle
shot is a shot
taken roughly
180 degrees
opposite of the
shot prior.
Reverse angle
shots are most
commonly seen
in dialogue
scenes and are
essential for
shot-reverse
shot sequences.
NON-CONTINUITY
Non-Continuity editting
interupts the smooth
flow of time
Cross Cut
Cross cutting in
film is an
editing
technique that
cuts separate
actions
together to
illustrate
moments that
take place
simultaneously
within the
narrative
structure.
Flashback
A flashback is a
writing device
that’s used to
interrupt the
present
storyline for a
brief return to
past events.
Flashforward
A flash-forward
is a narrative
device in which
a story
temporarily
jumps ahead in
time, showing
events or
scenes that
occur in the
future.
Jump Cut
A jump cut in video
editing is a cut
between two shots
of the same subject
from the same/
similar angle, from
two different points
in time. This makes
it look like the
action ‘jumps’
forward in time.
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