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in democratic societies "all citizens musthave effective access over the course oftheir whole lives" (314) to "the means ofsustaining one's biological existence --food, shelter, clothing, medical care" (317)1.1in democraticsocieties "people areentitled to thecapabilities necessaryto enable them toavoid or escapeentanglement inoppressive socialrelationships" (316)2.1non-oppressiverelationships areessential fordemocratic societies3.1oppression manifests itselfin "marginalization, statushierarchy, domination,exploitation, and culturalimperialism," and in notrecognizing "the equalmoral worth ofpersons" (312)2.2people who do nothave the means tosustain theirbiologicalexistence end upin oppressivesocialrelationships2.3in democraticsocieties people are"entitled to thecapabilitiesnecessary forfunctioning as anequal citizen in ademocraticstate" (316)2.4such functioning doesnot only require theability to vote, to engagein political speech,petitioning government,and so forth, but also theability to participant "asan equal in civic society"2.5people who donot have themeans ofsustaining theirbiologicalexistence cannotfunction "as anequal in civicsociety"2.6Michael H.G. Hoffmann. "ElizabethAnderson's Argument That People MustHave the Means to Sustain Their BiologicalExistence (Argument Map)." 2024.1.2Elizabeth S. Anderson,"What Is the Point ofEquality?," Ethics 109(1999): 287-337.2.7

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